Comparing biomass and nutrient removals of stems and fresh and predried whole trees in thinnings in two Norway spruce experiments
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چکیده
In Denmark, thinning trees used for energy purposes are cut and left to dry in the stand before they are removed as whole trees. This practice causes shedding of needles and reduces nutrient removals for the benefit of long-term site fertility. It is uncertain, however, to what extent needles are shed and actual nutrient loss is affected by this practice. To address this question, we compared biomass and nutrient removals in two Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) experiments in western Denmark. Three contemporary thinning harvest intensities were examined: harvesting of fresh whole trees, predried whole trees, and stems only. The whole trees were chipped individually, and samples were removed to determine moisture and nutrient contents, whereas sample discs were removed from harvested stems. The biomass content of the cut whole trees was estimated to decrease 17% during predrying, whereas nutrient contents decreased 35%–60% for N, P, and K and <32% for Ca and Mg. The biomass content of stems was estimated to be 35%–42% lower than that of fresh whole trees. The corresponding differences in nutrient contents were in the range 84%–89% for N, P, and K and 73%–80% for Ca and Mg. Predrying and technological methods to reduce nutrient removals were compared and discussed. Résumé : Au Danemark, les arbres entiers prélevés au cours des éclaircies sont coupés et séchés sur place avant d’être récoltés à des fins énergétiques. Cette pratique cause la chute des feuilles et réduit le prélèvement de nutriments au profit de la fertilité de la station à long terme. Cependant, il n’est pas certain dans quelle mesure cette pratique cause la chute des feuilles et affecte la perte réelle de nutriments. Dans cette optique, nous avons comparé le prélèvement de biomasse et de nutriments dans deux stations expérimentales d’épicéa commun situées dans l’ouest du Danemark. Nous avons étudié trois types de prélèvement couramment utilisés lors d’éclaircies : la récolte d’arbres entiers fraı̂chement coupés, la récolte d’arbres entiers préséchés et la récolte des troncs seulement. Pour déterminer les contenus en eau et en nutriments, les arbres entiers ont été individuellement réduits en copeaux qui ont ensuite été échantillonnés alors que des disques ont été prélevés sur les troncs récoltés. Nous avons estimé que la biomasse des arbres entiers récoltés diminuait de 17 % pendant le préséchage alors que dans le cas du contenu en nutriments, ces baisses étaient de 35 % à 60 % pour N, P et K et de moins de 32 % pour Ca et Mg. Nous avons estimé que la biomasse des troncs était de 35 à 42% inférieure à celle des arbres entiers fraı̂chement coupés. Les différences correspondantes dans le cas du contenu en nutriments étaient de l’ordre de 84 % à 89 % pour N, P et K, et de 73 % à 80 % pour Ca et Mg. Le préséchage et les méthodes technologiques pour réduire le prélèvement des nutriments ont été comparés et abordés dans la discussion. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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